國際物流的基本定義

時間：2025-04-05

廣義的國際物流研究的范圍包括國際貿(mào)易物流、非貿(mào)易物流、國際物流投資、國際物流合作、國際物流交流等領域。其中，國際貿(mào)易物流主要是指定組織貨物在國際間的合理流動；非貿(mào)易物流是指國際展覽與展品物流、國際郵政物流等；國際物流合作是指不同國別的企業(yè)完成重大的國際經(jīng)濟技術項目的國際物流；國際物流投資是指不同國家物流企業(yè)共同投資建設國際物流企業(yè)；國際物流交流則主要是指物流科學、技術、教育、培訓和管理方面的國際交流。
狹義的國際物流（International Logistics, IL）主要是指：當生產(chǎn)消費分別在兩個或在兩個以上的國家（或地區(qū)）獨立進行時，為了克服生產(chǎn)和消費之間的空間間隔和時間距離，對貨物（商品）進行物流性移動的一項國際商品或交流活動，從而完成國際商品交易的最終目的，即實現(xiàn)賣方交付單證、貨物和收取貨物。
國際物流的實質(zhì)是根據(jù)國際分工的原則，依照國際慣例，利用國際化的物流網(wǎng)絡、物流設施和物流技術，實現(xiàn)貨物在國際的流動與交換，以促進區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展與世界資源的優(yōu)化配置。國際物流的總目標是為國際貿(mào)易和跨國經(jīng)營服務，即選擇最佳的方式與路徑，以最低的費用和最小的風險，保質(zhì)、保量、適時地將貨物從某國的供方運到另一國的需方。

The basic definition of international logistics

Broad international logistics research scope including international trade, logistics, trade logistics, international logistics investment, international logistics, international logistics cooperation, etc. Among them, the international trade logistics mainly specify the organization in the rational flow of international goods; Trade logistics refers to the international exhibition and exhibition logistics, international postal logistics, etc.; International logistics cooperation refers to the enterprise to complete different national major international economic and technological project of international logistics; International logistics investment refers to different country logistics enterprises jointly invest in the international logistics enterprises; International logistics communication mainly refers to the logistics science, technology, education, training and management of international communication.

Special International Logistics (International Logistics, IL) is mainly refers to: when the production, consumption, respectively in two or more than two countries (or regions) independently, in order to overcome the interval of space and time distance between production and consumption, for the goods (goods) Logistics of mobile or an International goods exchange activities, so as to complete the final purpose of the International commodity trading, namely the seller deliver documents, goods and collect the goods.

The essence of international logistics is based on the principle of the international division of labor, in accordance with international practice, using the international logistics network, logistics facilities and logistics technology to realize the flow of goods in the international and the exchange, in order to promote the development of regional economy and the world the optimal allocation of resources. The overall goal of the international logistics is service for international trade and multinational business, is the best way and the path, at the lowest cost and minimum risk, and ensuring the quality, timely delivery of the cargo from one supplier to another country of the buyer.

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